chitosan

Again, and again we come across publications in which chitosans are compared with each other. For example, we recently came across a paper comparing chitosan from crustaceans with that from fungi in bone tissue engineering applications (Iqbal et al. 2024). But to what extent was it actually valid?

Diabetes mellitus can have serious consequences such as blindness, heart disease, strokes or amputations. In this publication, chitosan nanoparticles will be synthesized to improve the transport of APIs.

The whole wheat bread has many health-promoting properties compared to white bread, but often has a harder crust, less volume and a denser texture. In the study presented here, the properties of whole wheat bread are to be improved by chitosan lactate.

Microfluidics can precisely control the physiochemical properties of nanoparticles by mixing to the nanoliter. For this reason, nanoparticles for the transport of peptide drugs are to be developed in the study presented here with the help of chitosan from Heppe Medical Chitosan GmbH.

Dental, bacterial diseases such as periodontitis can lead to tooth and bone loss. In the study presented here, chitosan, gelatine and Scutellariae baicalensis radix were combined to form a hydrogel to produce an anti-inflammatory implant using 3D bioprinting.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. In order to prevent the occurrence of metastases and the recurrence of tumors, a hydrogel breast implant loaded with cisplatin chitosan microparticles is to be produced in the presented study.

Tea or coffee is certainly a philosophical question. What is the first thing you drink when you arrive at work? In all cases, it's about getting the day off to a good start. But is too much caffeine good? Can't you do something with chitosan? We looked around and found what we were looking for in South Korea. A new type of tea bag that decaffeinates the tea in the cup itself. An alginate-chitosan hydrogel was used for this.

Biopolymers such as chitosan are attracting increasing attention as polymer electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Since chitosan has a low electrical conductivity, the study presented here aims to improve this by using salts and plasticizers.

Numerous publications on the topic of chitosan were published again last year. It was observed that the number increased again compared to the previous year. While a total of 3097 publications with chitosan in the title were published in 2022, there were over 300 more publications in 2023 with 3409. We at HMC are very excited about this!

The cheese ripening process is largely responsible for the texture and taste of the cheese. In the following article you will learn how chitosan can help to support this process.

Due to the increasing occurrence of bacterial resistance, alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed. The study presented here therefore aims to develop an antimicrobial chitosan film loaded with bacteriophages.

Artificially produced nerve conduits are promising alternatives to autologous nerve grafts in the treatment of damaged nerves. In this study, the physiochemical properties of chitosan/poly-ε-caprolactone nerve conduits will be improved by using the chitosan crosslinker genipin.

The use of microgels is one way of biomimetically mimicking tissue. In the presented study, chitosan microgels will be functionalized with Zn (II) and Cu (II) ions to improve their physicochemical properties.

Imitating natural drive systems is a major challenge in robotics. One approach to this is polymer hydrogels that contain chitosan, for example, and can be spun into fibers using electrospinning.

Meet HMC at the Bioeconomy Innovation Day in Brussels on November 16, 2023. The deadline for the event has been extended to November 13. Register now! We look forward to talking with you about chitosan innovations to enable a sustainable Europe.

Cancer is difficult to treat due to its early immune invasion and metastasis. In the study presented here, the frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs 5-flourouracil and cisplatin are encapsulated in TPP cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles and their in vitro anti-cancer effect is investigated.

Our CEO Katja Richter is on the road! She will be giving a presentation on "Chitosan from various sources as pharmaceutical excipient - regulatory aspects" at this year's Asia-Pacific Chitin and Chitosan Symposium. More informations at https://apccs2023.org/.

Bone tissue regeneration using artificial scaffolds on which bone cells, such as osteoblasts, can grow is a relatively new approach to repair bone fractures or bone decomposition due to disease. In the work presented, a simple method is introduced to make aerogels from chitosan. These could be suitable as scaffolds for bone cells.

HMC was attending EUCHIS 2023 in Siglufjörður in northern Iceland from September 11-14. If you couldn't meet us there, read our highlights from the conference here or visit us at EPNOE in Graz until September 22.

Wearable electrodes, which are used to measure a variety of bodily functions, generate electronic waste and, in the case of implants, require extensive removal. The presented study introduces a fully decomposable material mixture with chitosan that can withstand exercise and sweat even under high physical stress.

The antioxidant, bacteriostatic and antinflammatory properties of chitosan ensure that it is highly suitable for regenerative medicine applications such as wound dressings. In the presented study, a chitosan derivatized via a Schiff base is introduced to further improve these properties.

Artificial nerve conduits are used for peripheral nerve damage, but still have some disadvantages compared to autologous cells, such as lack of neurotrophic factors. In the presented study, a nerve conduit made of chitosan, collagen and Schwann cells is used to repair damage to the sciatic nerve of mice, thus providing a simpler alternative to the complex autologous nerve transplantation.

Halle an der Saale, 18th August 2023: While others are still pondering the end of summer, the chitosan industry is meeting in Iceland's northernmost city, Siglufjörður, and presenting the future around this fascinating substance. Five outstanding lectures will lead to the total of 48 international profound insights on chitin and chitosan that will crown your visit to this nature-rich area. Our Managing Director and renowned chitosan expert, Katja Richter, will present ways to ensure quality management of different raw material sources of chitosan.

3D bioprinting can improve the treatment of wounds by producing multifunctional, personalized wound dressings. In the study presented here, hydrogel wound dressings based on galantine, sodium alginate, dopamine and quaternized chitosan with effective antioxidant, antibacterial and biocompatible properties will be fabricated via using this technology.

Chitosan bioglass networks can be used as biomaterials in medicine, for example, as bone implants. Their physiochemical and mechanical properties can be improved by crosslinkers and various stabilization methods. In the presented study, six of them were compared with each other.

The preparation of chitosan-based nanoparticles by ionotrophic gelation often leads to high batch-to-batch variability as well as in low reproducibility. A possible solution to this could be controlled mixing on a microfluidic scale. In the study presented here, chitosan tripolyphosphate nanoparticles with siRNA, mRNA and β-galactosidase as cargo will be prepared using microfluidics.

Eye diseases are difficult to treat due to natural factors such as the blood-eye barrier, cornea or tear film. Polymer-based nanoparticles made of chitosan, among others, can help there to improve drug transport. In this article we would like to summarize a review on this topic.

Berlin, Halle, 16.03.2023: Since January of this year, the project "Zielwirk" is developing a new chitosan technology for the efficient release of mRNA active ingredients. The technology aims to ensure that drugs for the treatment of serious diseases can be better absorbed as well as processed by the body. The participating project partners Heppe Medical Chitosan GmbH, FDX Fluid Dynamix GmbH, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg and the Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) are funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Climate Protection (BMWK) with six million euros over three years.

From 15.02. to 18.02.2023 the ESAO Winterschool 2023 will take place in Lutherstadt Wittenberg. The Winterschool is organized by the Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS) and the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Next to experts from the academic world, we, Heppe Medical Chitosan GmbH, will also be represented.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used as in gene therapies for e.g. cancers such as leukemia. However, the application of these is limited by a lack of efficient drug delivery. Therefore, in the presented study, chitosan was functionalized with arginine to form nanoparticles, loaded with siRNA, and their properties as siRNA vectors were investigated.

Also this year, various fairs and congresses on the topic chitin and chitosan will take place, where HMC will be represented. Use the chance to get to know us personally. In the following article you will find an overview of the events.

More than 5 million people worldwide are affected by inflammatory bowel disease. To enable good treatment, targeted and efficient drug delivery is necessary. In the presented study, a chitosan-based vancomycin loaded microgel was investigated for this purpose.

Orthopedic infections can be treated with antibiotic-loaded bone cements. However, due to the growing number of resistances, new formulations are needed to e.g. improve the drug release. For this reason, dual-antibiotic bone cement containing chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide was prepared in the presented study.

As the population ages, the number of Alzheimer's cases could triple by 2050. To enable early diagnosis, sensitive and easy-to-use diagnostic platforms are needed. Therefore, in the presented study, an electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated using chitosan and gold nanoparticles functionalized carbon nanotubes.

Chronic wounds represent a major burden on the quality of life of those affected. To improve their situation, multilayer films of chitosan, alginate and the fibroblast growth factor FGF2 were prepared in the presented study and their potential as wound dressings was investigated.

Injuries to the peripheral nervous system can cause substantial motor and sensory deficits. In the presented study, self-assembling peptide-based hydrogels are injected into a chitosan nanofiber scaffold and used as an artificial nerve graft.

Good dentures are becoming increasingly important as the population ages. Conventional materials for the base of dentures are often porous and thus susceptible to deformation or microbial colonization. To prevent this, chitosan is added to polymethyl methacrylate resin in the presented study.

The antiviral properties of chitosans, in contrast to chitosan derivatives, have been little considered. For this reason, the study presented here investigated the antiviral activity of three chitosans against the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, bacteriophage phi6.

Glioblastomas are difficult to treat due to the blood-brain barrier and drug resistance. To improve the efficacy of treating glioblastomas with selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), Se-NPs were coated with chitosan in the presented study.

Small interferring RNAs (siRNAs) can inactivate viruses by so-called gene silencing. In order to use this process in biomedicine, the transport of unstable siRNAs must be improved. In the presented study, siRNAs are coupled to chitosan microparticles and investigated for the inactivation of viral proteins in HIV-1 infected C8166 cells. siRNA transfection mediated by chitosan microparticles for the treatment of HIV-1 infections of human cell lines

Vaccines based on recombinant protein antigens often require immunostimulants. Both nanoparticles and chitosan and its derivatives can enhance immunogenicity. For this reason, in the presented studies, PLGA nanoparticles were functionalized with different chitosan derivatives and optimized as effect enhancers for the pneumococcal protein antigen PspA4Pro.

Due to the increase of infectious diseases and the development of antibiotic resistance, new antibacterial substances are needed. In the presented study, novel chitosan-AgIO₃ bionanocomposites were synthesized and their antibacterial properties were investigated.

Clinical studies serve evidence-based medicine and enable the development and application of new, innovative medical products and drugs. At the moment, there are several clinical studies with chitosan-containing products or devices, for example, in relation to wound healing, tumor detection or Covid-19. In this article, we would like to give you an overview of the ongoing studies.

Medical masks proved effective in protecting against the virus during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, conventional masks are poorly biodegradable. For this reason, the presented paper produced environmentally friendly chitosan/silver/plant fiber membranes for masks, which also exhibited antibacterial and thermal properties.

The DFG is establishing eight new priority programs for 2023. A total of 53 million euros will be available to them over the next 3 years. The aim of the priority programs is to investigate the scientific basis of particularly current or emerging research areas. We are therefore very excited that one of them is focused on the topic of chitin and chitosan.

Breast cancer will affect one in eight women during their lifetime. Especially metastatic breast cancer has a low survival rate. In this article, we present a review of current research on the use of chitosan in breast cancer therapy and diagnostics.

Fungi of the Candida genus can be responsible for serious skin infections, especially as biofilms. To find an alternative treatment method for fungal biofilms, chitosan-gold nanoparticles were coupled with the quorum sensing molecule Tyrosol in the study presented here.

CRISPR/Cas is a promising tool to tackle genetic diseases. However, non-viral vectors with good transfection efficiency often struggle with high cytotoxicity. In the presented paper, calcium nanoparticles were modified with chitosan. The effects on transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity were then investigated.

A large number of reviews on Chitosan were also published in 2021. According to HMC searches in the PubMed database, a total of 181 new reviews with chitosan in the title appeared in 2021. In this article, we would like to give you an overview of the publications, as well as briefly introduce five reviews on various topics related to chitosan. Have fun reading!

Various polysaccharides such as chitosan and β-glucan possess immunological properties that are advantageous for vaccine adjuvants. Therefore, in the presented study, chitosan and carboxymethyl-β-glucan were combined as nanoparticles, coupled to the model antigen ovalbumin as vaccine adjuvant and investigated in vivo in a mouse model.

The global corona pandemic requires effective vaccines to achieve herd immunity. In the study presented here, an inhalable chitosan-based nanovaccine containing the viral spike protein (S) was developed to specifically induce immunity at the mucosal sites of the respiratory tract.

Electrophoretic deposition is getting more attention in recent years. It is cost-effective and can be applied in many ways to produce a variety of composites. In the following, we present an article highlighting the influence of initial concentrations and process parameters on the deposition of chitosan-hydroxyapatite structures. Furthermore, the bonds and interactions in the deposited structures were also investigated.

Chronic, painful diseases such as endometriosis can lead to a severe reduction in the quality of life of those affected. Drug delivery systems, such as chitosan-containing hydrogels, could enable efficient pain management with prolonged and targeted drug release. Therefore, in the study presented here, hydrogels made of chitosan and the vanillin derivative 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde were investigated as a drug delivery system for diclofenac sodium salt.

Chitosan shows great potential as part of drug release systems of orally administered drug formulations. Another interesting use is as an antigen platform for vaccines. We present an article in which pneumococcal membrane protein-loaded chitosan capsules were prepared and evaluated for their efficacy for a nasally administered vaccine.

Chitosan is already being used in many ways in the pharmaceutical, medical and food industries. A less explored field of application is forensics, for example to make fingerprints visible. In the following article we would like to present a study in which the unique properties of chitosan coupled with lysine are used as a powder to visualize latent fingerprints on glass and rubber surfaces.

The importance of antibiotics remains undiminished today. However, antibiotic resistance is increasing and few new agents are being discovered that can bypass them. In the following article, a chitosan-based nanomaterial was therefore developed that exploits the antimicrobial effect of chitosan to eliminate Salmonella typhimurium.

Due to its biocompatibility and ability to increase the water solubility of drugs, chitosan can be used as an excipient in drug delivery systems. In the following article, we present the influence of physical mixtures of the beta-blocker carvediol (CVD) and chitosan on CVD solubility and release profile.

Biocompatibility, biodegradability and stability are important properties for tissue matrices. At the same time, the material should promote cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation and migration. Besides polylactide, collagen or hyaluronic acid, chitosan can also be used as a biopolymer in tissue engineering. In the presented study, chitosan was functionalized with short peptide sequences as a scaffold for osteoblasts for bone tissue regeneration in order to improve the cellular properties.

The development of nanotechnology has opened up new applications in the field of biomedicine. Chitosan and its derivatives can be used in a variety of ways, for example to enable targeted and sustained drug release. To give you an overview, we present a review that deals with the current research on the application of chitosan and its derivatives, especially carboxymthylchitosan (CMC), in biomedicine.

In microfluidic systems, analyses can be performed on a miniaturized scale without the use of complex laboratory equipment. In this context, DNA purification and concentration pose a particular challenge. To improve this, a disposable microfluidic device is functionalized with different chitosans for DNA binding in the presented study. This will then be used to detect eDNA of invasive species from river water samples.

Commercial extraction of chitin is mainly from the shells of crustaceans such as snow crabs. Fungi and insects are alternative sources of chitin, which are poorly usable so far. The expansion of insect farming for animal feed production in recent years has increased the availability of insect biomass. In the following, we present a review that provides an overview of recently published studies on the extraction of chitin from insects and its conversion to chitosan.

The corona virus disease COVID-19 has changed the world. To combat the pandemic, researchers and companies around the world are working to develop vaccines and medicines. Chitosan also has potential in the area of vaccine development and functionalization of protective equipment such as respirators. We have prepared summaries of recent publications on chitosan as an aid in the fight against corona.

Haben Freude daran Zusammenhänge zu lernen und Wissen aufzubereiten? Wollen dennoch nicht nur am Schreibtisch sitzen, sondern auch Laborluft schnuppern? Dann sind das schon mal die besten Voraussetzungen, um in unser dynamisches Team zu passen und es zu bereichern! Denn Langeweile kennen wir nicht!

Sollten Sie jetzt noch die wesentlichen Punkte an Wissen, Erfahrung und Können als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter (m/w/d) mitbringen, dann freuen wir uns auf jeden Fall auf ein Gespräch bei Kaffee oder Tee, wenn Sie mögen auch Wasser, in dem wir uns gegenseitig überzeugen, die nächste Zeit gemeinsam erfolgreicher zu sein.

Chitosan is a promising drug delivery system for pulmonary applications and is therefore of particular interest for vaccine development in the Corona Pandemic. The biodegradable and biocompatible polymer's mucoadhesive, permeation-increasing and site-/cell-specific properties are useful in this context. Nanocarriers based on various microencapsulation and micro-nano mixing systems have already been developed. The aerodynamic character is important to enable efficient pulmonary aerosol formation and inhalation. In this article we present research on chitosan as pulmonary particulate anti-infective drug carrier.

The new corona virus SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally, originating from China since the beginning of the year. The pathogen causes the lung disease Covid-19 and has been classified as a pandemic since March 11, 2020. Researchers around the world are working on the development of effective vaccinations and drugs. A current study examined the antiviral effectiveness of HTCC (N- (2-hydroxypropyl) -3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride) in vitro and ex vivo against the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.

The healing process of a wound injury follows the steps of hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and regeneration until complete healing of the damaged tissue. In chronic wounds, the progress of these steps is disturbed, leaving the wounds inflamed for a long time. In an aging society with bad health habits (poor diet, little exercise), the number of chronic wounds is going to increase. Therefore, the research on materials that improve wound healing is important. The publications presented below are devoted to research about chitosan-based materials for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Testing for bacterial endotoxins with recombinant factor C might be included as a new general chapter in the European Pharmacopoeia. The European Pharmacopoeia has called for public consultation on the creation of a new General Chapter (2.6.32). In 2016, the Pharm. Eur. referred the rFC test as an alternative to Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) in Guidelines for using the test for bacterial endotoxins (Supplement 8.8 Chapter 5.1.10). The next step would be a separate chapter on testing for bacterial endotoxins using the rFC assay.

Chitosan is not only used for feverish laboratory-scale research, but also for specific application in chitosan-based products for a wide variety of indications, which are being tested in clinical studies. In this article we provide an insight into current clinical studies on chitosan and present the results of two studies on chronic wound healing and improved hemostasis after puncture of the radial artery.

At the end of the year, we briefly reflect on which topics it was all about in the chitosan world in 2017. In addition, we present an article about Alzheimer´s disease and the neuroprotective effect of chitosan, chitosanoligosaccharides, and their derivatives.

• Overview about 2017
• Directly to treatment of Alzheimer´s disease with chitosan?

Now, just before Christmas holidays, the question arises, what to cook and what kind of wine to serve for a few cozy hours with the loved ones? Suitable for the peaceful time, we present some interesting literature about chitosan. Every now and then, wine and chitosan are mentioned together in various publications. How do they fit together? What can chitosan be used for in wine and can it possible save my corked wine?

In August, 320 articles about chitosan and chitosan derivatives were published in various scientific journals (PubMed). Seven of these articles are dedicated to the exciting topic of electrospun chitosan nanofibers. For generation of nanofibrous structures in tissue engineering, electrospinning is a simple and inexpensive technology. Electrospun nanofiber non-woven mats are highly porous and offer a large surface area. The biocompatible, biodegradable and bacteriostatic chitosan is perfectly suitable for creation of nanofibers and application as scaffold material.

Abstract of the oral presentation at 13th EUCHIS 31st May-3rd June 2017.

More than 2000 publications and 20 published clinical trials within the last 12 month show that chitosan and chitosan derivatives are still attractive for the medical industry. As producer of well defined and pure chitosans and chitosan derivatives for pharmaceutical applications, with more than one hundred different specification for chitosans on the market and around 300 production batches per year HMC is always on the pulse of the market and in contact with regulatories and pharmaceutical companies worldwide.

The topic for september is the application of chitosan for improvement of food products. The perfect reading material for your lunch break.

Today´s topic is chitosan for drug delivery systems. In July and August 2016, 33 articles about chitosan combined with drug delivery systems were published. As might be expected, top publisher are China (13 articles), United States (5) and India (4). The articles investigated drug release by chitosan-based micro- or nanoparticles, hydrogels and nanocomposites. Thereby controlled release of cytostatics, proteins or peptides was mainly studied. (Source: www.gopubmed.org)

We present a new interesting publication with chitosan from HMC⁺ for you...

70 Publications with the chitosan topic were published in Febuary. In the ranking of nations China (14) was on the first place, followed by Iran (8) and India (8). Scientific Report – Nature published the article of Kamat V. et al. from Agharkar Research Institute in India.

In January were 77 publications with chitosan topics published. In addition to China (26) and the United States (11), Egypt (6) is on the third place of nations with the most publications.

The development of the chitosan research and chitosan application is steadily proceeding. More than 2100 reports about chitosan and chitosan derivatives were published in 2015. The highest number of publications was performed by the leading nations China (589), India (250), the United States (214) and the European area as a whole.

166 articles about chitosan were published in May 2015. In the rank of nations scientists from China gained with 39 publications the leading position, followed by India (16), the US (12) and Italy (11). The research priorities focused on nanoparticles, evaluation studies and pharmaceutical preparations.

In April 139 publications have been released about chitosan, which mainly focused on topics like evaluation studies, pharmaceutical preparations and nanoparticles. The leading nations in the field of chitosan research are China (48 articles), India (18) and USA (13).

In September and October 2013, 290 publications about chitosan and its diverse derivatives have been released. They present novel formulations of chitosan-based nanoparticles and pharmaceutical preparations and performed animal and human studies. The leading nations in chitosan research are China (75 articles), India (37) and USA (27).

At the end of the year 2014 numerous articles about chitosan and chitosan derivatives were published.  All in all 312 reports were released in November and December by leading scientists from China (89 articles), USA (35) India (28) and South Korea (21).

In the summer month July and August 2014, 246 articles about chitosan and chitosan derivatives have been published. These articles were mainly published by scientists from China (59 articles), USA (31) and India (30). The top terms in this month addressed nanoparticles, pharmaceutical preparations and animal studies.

In March and April, 234 publications were released about Chitosan, mainly addressing topics like pharmaceutical preparations, nanoparticles, evaluation studies and tissues. The most successful nations in the field of chitosan-related publications are again: China (74 articles), India (24) and USA (19).

At the beginning of 2014, a variety of highly interesting chitosan-related articles were released by scientists from all over the world. All in all, 281 novel articles have been published, which promise new insights into the diversity of the biopolymer. The most successful nations in the field of chitosan research are again China publishing 88 articles, USA 33 reports and India contributed 23 articles.

In March 2015, 201 articles about chitosan and chitosan derivatives have been published. The main topics address chitosan in evaluation studies, nanoparticles, pharmaceutical preparations and tissues. Among the top countries of chitosan research are again: China (51 articles), India (23) and USA (21).

At the beginning of the year 2015, an incredible large number of chitosan-related articles have been released, indicating another record year. All in all, 196 publications about chitosan and its derivatives were contributed by scientist from all over the world, especially from China (46 articles), India (29) and USA (15). The main terms address chitosan in evaluation studies, nanoparticles and pharmaceutical preparations. 

In April researchers and developer could be delighted by 147 publications about chitosan and chitosan derivatives. Again, most articles were published in China (40 articles), followed by India (13) and the US (11).

The antimicrobial effect of chitosan is well known and has already been used in dentistry to prevent caries as well as in the food packaging industry as a preservative agent.

In February 2012 the Technical University (TU) of Vienna filed a patent for a new production method of the popular pharmaceutical raw material N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc). Molds were used as “chemical factories” and were combined with the biological raw material chitin to obtain the desired final product.

Overall, 122 articles about chitosan were published worldwide in December 2011. China was the top publisher of the month again.

China:     32 articles
Indien:     9 articles
USA:     8 articles

So far November is the month with most publications in the year 2011. Overall 168 articles were published.

The three countries with the most publications are again:

China (53 Artikel),
India (20 Artikel) and the
USA (12 Artikel).

In September a total of 62 articles were published in the field of chitosan. In this month the most publications came from China where 10 articles were published. With 7 articles India was in second place followed by the USA where 6 articles were published.

In August 58 authors and groups of authors reported about new scientific findings in the field of chitosan research.

After dropping in the previous months, the publication number of chitosan articles slightly increased in July. Overall 76 articles were published in this field. In July 2010 83 articles were published, in comparison to this year it is only a small difference.

70 articles were published in June, an obvious decrease of publications. For comparison, 84 articles were published in May. In June 2010 with 129 articles almost twice as much articles appeared, compared to this June.

In May the publication rate of chitosan issues slightly dropped again. 84 articles were published which means six less than in April 2011, but two publications more than in May 2010.

In April the rate of publications with chitosan slightly dropped. 90 articles were published which means 7 less than in April 2010. In comparison to March 2011 38 fewer papers presented results in chitosan research.

127 papers about chitosan were published in March 2011. In terms of number of publications China and the USA again were the top countries with 35 and 15 publications about chitosan and its derivates followed by India with 9 publications. Most papers dealt with the topics pharmaceutical preparations (33 publications), evaluation studies (31 publications) and nano-particles (26 publications).  The table shows the journals which published most papers about chitosan and its derivates.

Five project partners from three different nations tackle the task to produce chitosan from animal chitin by means of enzymatic fermentation processes. The ERA-IB project is inter alia funded by the European Commission.