Vaccines based on recombinant protein antigens often require immunostimulants. Both nanoparticles and chitosan and its derivatives can enhance immunogenicity. For this reason, in the presented studies, PLGA nanoparticles were functionalized with different chitosan derivatives and optimized as effect enhancers for the pneumococcal protein antigen PspA4Pro.

Critical bone defects often require the use of bone grafts or artificial bone substitutes such as calcium phosphate cement (CPC) or magnesium phosphate cement (MPC). In the study presented here, MPC is modified with CMC and sodium alginate to form a novel bone cement and its properties are investigated in vivo and in vitro.